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Learn the fundamentals behind this asset.
A stock is a fraction of ownership in a real company. Buy one share and you own a piece (usually a tiny piece) of every desk, factory, contract and brand the company runs. The price moves because the market keeps revising what that whole pie is worth.
The price-to-earnings ratio is how much investors are paying for one dollar of a company's profit. A multiple, never an absolute. Always compared to something: a sector, a region, the company's own past.
Dividend yield is the annual income a stock or ETF pays out, expressed as a percentage of what you paid for it. It is the visible part of total return: the cash that lands in your account every quarter, and the lever most retail investors actually feel.
Market cap is shares times price. A simple formula that produces wildly unequal numbers: a single US tech name can be worth more than every company on a LATAM exchange combined.
